In the early 1970s, astronomers measured the rotational velocities of stars throughout the nearby spiral galaxy M31. Material 30,000 parsecs from M31's center of mass is orbiting at ~225 km/s.

The mass of normal matter (gas clouds, stars, black holes, planets, etc.) in M31 is estimated as 1.4 x 10^10 solar masses.

How many times more dark matter is there in M31 than normal matter within that 30,000 parsec distance, by mass?

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