Practice problem
Galaxy Rotation Curves
In the early 1970s, astronomers measured the rotational velocities of stars throughout the nearby spiral galaxy M31. Material 30,000 parsecs from M31's center of mass is orbiting at ~225 km/s.
The mass of normal matter (gas clouds, stars, black holes, planets, etc.) in M31 is estimated as 1.4 x 10^10 solar masses.
How many times more dark matter is there in M31 than normal matter within that 30,000 parsec distance, by mass?