Criteria for Primitive Roots Modulo N

Explanations 2

• Basic Definitions in Modular Arithmetic Order The order of aaa mod nnn is the smallest positive integer ppp such that ap≡1a^p\equiv1ap≡1 mod nnn. The order of aaa mod nnn is usu…

  By Hyunwoo (David) Lee, John Michael Wu

• When is the unit group UnU_nUn​ cyclic (generated by a primitive root)? For a positive integer nnn, the number of positive integers less than or equal to nnn and co-prime to nnn…

  By amaterasu, Victor Wang