Earth's Materials and Systems
MS-ESS2.A
Expii topics
- What Is a Mineral?
- Characteristics and Physical Properties of Minerals
- Mineral Groups
- Properties of Minerals: Color
- Properties of Minerals: Luster
- Properties of Minerals: Cleavage
- Properties of Minerals: Fracture
- Properties of Minerals: Hardness
- Properties of Minerals: Density
- Properties of Minerals: Streak
- Properties of Minerals: Magnetism
- Properties of Minerals: Crystal Habit
- Silicates
- What Are Silicates?
- What Is a Silica Tetrahedron?
- What Are Clay Minerals?
- Oxides
- Sulfates
- Sulfides
- Carbonates
- Native Elements
- What Are Native Elements?
- Examples and Applications of Native Elements
- What Is the Difference Between Graphite and Diamonds?
- Halides
- Rocks
- What Is a Rock?
- How Are Rocks and Minerals Different?
- What Are the Three Main Rock Groups?
- Igneous Rocks
- How Are Igneous Rocks Formed?
- Intrusive (Plutonic) vs. Extrusive (Volcanic) Ingeneous Rocks
- Classification of Igneous Rocks
- Texture of Igneous Rocks
- What Determines the Texture of an Igneous Rock?
- Coarse-Grained (Phaneritic) Rocks
- Fine-Grained or Glassy (Aphanitic) Rocks
- Mineralogy to Classify Igneous Rocks
- Ultramafic Igneous Rocks
- Mafic (Basaltic) Igneous Rocks
- Intermediate (Andesitic) Igneous Rocks
- Felsic (Granitic) Igneous Rocks
- Metamorphic Rocks
- What Are Metamorphic Rocks?
- Metamorphic Processes
- Regional Metamorphism
- Contact (Thermal) Metamorphism
- Hydrothermal Metamorphism
- Examples of Metamorphic Rocks
- Metamorphic Facies
- Metamorphic Grades
- Sedimentary Rocks
- How Are Sedimentary Rocks Formed?
- Where Do Sedimentary Rocks Form?
- Sedimentary Rock Structures
- Types of Sedimentary Rocks
- Biochemical (Organic) Sedimentary Rocks
- Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
- Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
- Conglomerates and Breccia
- Sandstones
- Mudrocks
- The Rock Cycle
- What Is the Rock Cycle?
- What Are the Forces That Drive the Rock Cycle?
- Transition to an Igneous Rock
- Transition to a Metamorphic Rock
- Transition to a Sedimentary Rock
- What Causes the Plates to Move?
- Mantle Convection
- Slab-Pull
- Ridge-Push
- What Is Plate Tectonic Theory?
- Types of Tectonic Plates
- Continental Plates
- Oceanic Plates
- Transform Plate Boundaries
- Volcanoes
- Magma vs. Lava
- What Is the 'Ring of Fire'?
- What Makes a Volcano Explosive?
- Viscosity of a Melt
- Chemisty of a Melt (Percent Weight Silica)
- Gas Content of a Melt
- Quiet vs. Explosive Eruptions
- Magma Composition
- Basaltic
- Andesitic
- Rhyolitic
- How Do Volcanoes Form?
- Composite Volcano/Stratocone
- Volcanic Island Arcs
- Continental Volcanic Arcs
- Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanism
- What Is a Hotspot?
- Earthquakes
- What Is an Earthquake?
- What Is the Epicenter?
- What Is the Focus of an Earthquake?
- What Is a Fault Line?
- What Is Elastic Rebound?
- Types of Shocks
- Waves Produced by Earthquakes
- P-Wave (Push, Pull)
- S-Wave (Secondary Waves)
- Surface Waves (L Waves)
- How to Find the Location of an Earthquake
- Types of Tectonic Plates and Plate Boundaries
- Evidence for Sea-Floor Spreading
- Silica vs. Iron Content in Igneous Rocks
- Development of Plate Tectonic Theory
- Type of Faults
- Faults
- Strike-Slip Fault
- Normal Fault
- Thurst (Reverse) Fault
- What Is Mohs Hardness Scale?
- Mechanism of Volcano Formation at Subduction Zones
- Ocean Circulation
- Ocean Circulation: Waves
- What Is an Ocean Wave?
- Waves Transfer Energy
- Breaking Waves
- Shallow vs. Deep Water Waves
- Currents
- Temporary Currents
- Longshore Currents
- Rip Currents
- What Is a Current?
- Global Current Patterns
- Ocean Conveyor Belt (Thermohaline Circulation)
- Water Table
- Aquifers
- Karst Topography
- Artesian Wells
- Effect of Drought on Groundwater
- Glacier Erosion
- What Causes Glacial Erosion?
- Features of Glacial Erosion
- Glacier Deposition
- What Causes Glacial Deposition?
- Glaciers and Climate Change
- History of Earth's Glaciation
- Soil Composition
- Soil Formation
- Soil Horizons
- Soil Conservation Practices
- Processes Shaping Earth's Surface
- Weathering
- What Is Weathering?
- Chemical Weathering
- Mechanical Weathering
- Biological Weathering
- Erosion
- Deposition
- Aeolian (Wind) Systems
- Wind Erosion
- Winds and Desertification
- Aeolian Deposits
- Sand Dunes
- Loess