Advanced Biology: Functional Groups

There are multiple functional groups that are essential to understanding chemical bonds. Examples of functional groups include amino, carboxyl, hydroxl, and phosphate groups. These functional groups can be grouped together to form monomers which then can be grouped into polymers. They are mostly responsible for the characteristics of the chemical reactions of these molecules they make up. The functional groups are linked by covalent bonds, forming macromolecules such as protein, lipids, and nucleic acids.

A functional group is a group of atoms that give a molecule one or more of its properties. In biology, there are seven basic functional groups. The most basic is the hydroxyl group, which consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom. It is common in alcohols and carbo