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Suppose that we have two vectors AB⃗\vec{AB} and CD⃗\vec{CD}, and that the angle between them is θ\theta.

We know that AB⃗⋅CD⃗=∣AB⃗∣∣CD⃗∣cos⁡θ\vec{AB}\cdot\vec{CD}=|\vec{AB}||\vec{CD}|\cos\theta.

Suppose that we map space by an isometry FF, such that AA is mapped to A′A', BB is mapped to B′B', and so on.

Since isometries preserve distance by definition, we have: A′B′=ABA'B'=AB C′D′=CDC'D'=CD Moreover, isometries also preserve angles. If you are unfamiliar with this, you can look at this article: All Isometries Preserve Angles. However, it is pretty simple: the idea boils down to the fact that a triangle may be determined up to congruence by its side lengths, even if you don't know the angles.

Thus, we have the following, if θ′\theta' is the angle between A′B′⃗\vec{A'B'} and C′D′⃗\vec{C'D'}: θ′=θ\theta'=\theta Combining these statements, ∣AB⃗∣∣CD⃗∣cos⁡θ=∣A′B′⃗∣∣C′D′⃗∣cos⁡θ′|\vec{AB}||\vec{CD}|\cos\theta=|\vec{A'B'}||\vec{C'D'}|\cos\theta' Therefore, we can conclude: AB⃗⋅CD⃗=A′B′⃗⋅C′D′⃗\vec{AB}\cdot\vec{CD}=\vec{A'B'}\cdot\vec{C'D'} Since the points AA, BB, CC, and DD were purely arbitrary choices, we may conclude that the same holds for any choice of points. Thus, all isometries preserve dot products of vectors.

Type a concept, like “slope” or “photosynthesis”.

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