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A square is has a very nice, easy construction.
Given a square's side , draw two lines perpendicular to through and through . Then draw a two circles: one centered at through , and one centered at through . Where these circles intersect the perpendiculars through and through , respectively, are the points and , respectively.
Given a square's diagonal , the other diagonal must be the perpendicular bisector of . However, after constructing the perpendicular bisector, simply draw a circle with diameter (centered at the intersection of the perpendicular bisector and through either or ) to find and along the perpendicular bisector.
Why are these true? Consider lengths, angles, and symmetry!