তড়িৎ বিভবের সংজ্ঞা

Suppose that we have an arrangement of charged particles, and suppose that we have another particle of charge $q$. The charged particle will have some electrostatic potential energy, $U$, from the arrangement of particles. Now, the electric potential, $V$, is defined as follows: $$V=\frac{U}{q}$$ The dimensions of electric potential are derived as follows: $$[V]=\frac{[U]}{[q]}$$ $$[V]=\frac{[M][L]^2/[T]^2}{[I](T)}$$ $$[V]=\frac{[M](L]^2}{[T]^3[I)}$$ The SI unit of electric potential would be the Joule per Coulomb, but this is most commonly referred to as the Volt, named after the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta.

Due to the nature of the electrostatic force described in Coulomb's Law, we know that the electrostatic potential energy is proportional to the charge of the test particle. By dividing by the test charge, we will see that the electric potential depends only on the arrangement of charged particles and the position chosen. The electric potential will be useful precisely because it carries the concept of potential energy while being independent of the test charge.