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The Index of Refraction

The index of refraction is a number by which light refracts when it passes into a different medium. The index of refraction, $n$, can be calculated by $$n=\frac{c}{v}$$ Where $c$ is the speed of light in a vacuum and $v$ is the speed of light in the medium. Each medium has a different index of refraction. The index of refraction can be used in Snell's law to calculate the refraction that occurs as light undergoes a medium change. Some common indices of refraction are:

Air: 1

Water = 1.33

Glass = 1.5