Variation of Traits
HS-LS3.B
Expii topics
- Growth and Division of Cells: Sexual Reproduction
- Advanced Biology: Meiosis
- Homologous Chromosomes
- Meiosis I Separates Homologues
- Meiosis II Separates Sister Chromatids
- Crossing-Over
- Overview of Meiosis
- Review of Sexual Reproduction
- Overview of Sexual Reproduction
- Meiosis and Fertilization Convert Haploid and Diploid Cells
- Overview: Role of Cells in Sexual Reproduction
- Inherited Predisposition to Cancer
- Red Blood Cell Diseases: Sickle Cell Anemia
- Linkage Maps
- Homologous Recombination
- Homologous Recombination (Crossing Over)
- Genes on X and Y Chromosomes Are Linked to Gender
- Color Blindness
- Calico Cats
- Errors in Meiosis
- Chromosome Breakage
- Chromosome Breakage: Deletion
- Chromosome Breakage: Duplication
- Chromosome Breakage: Inversion
- Chromosome Breakage: Translocation
- Disorders of Chromosome Structure
- Down's Syndrome
- Aneuploidy of Sex Chromosomes
- Klinefelter Syndrome: XXY
- Turner Syndrome: XO
- Transposons
- Mendelian Genetics: Genes and Inheritance
- Traits and Phenotypes
- Overview of Mendelian Genetics
- Alleles as Gene Variants
- Segregation of Alleles
- Two Alleles: Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
- Mendel's Pea Experiments
- Crossing Pea Plants
- Complexities Beyond Mendel's Model
- Epigenetics
- Molecular Mechanisms for Epigenetics
- What Is Epigenetics?
- Codominance and Incomplete Dominance
- Multiple Alleles
- Pleiotropy
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Interactions of Multiple Genes
- Epistasis
- Multifactorial Inheritance
- Interactions of Genes and Environment
- Dominant vs. Recessive at the Molecular Level
- Expression of Cystic Fibrosis
- Expression of Huntington's Disease
- Family Trees and Pedigrees
- What Is a Pedigree?
- Analyzing Pedigrees to Deduce Genotypes
- Problems with Consanguinous Mating
- Genetic Testing and Screening
- Identifying Carriers
- Motivation and Overview of Genetic Testing
- Fetal Testing
- Newborn Screening
- Drosophila as a Model Organism
- Mice as a Model Organism
- Establishing Stable Lines
- Budding Yeast
- Gene Pool of a Population
- Allele Frequencies
- Evolution Alters Allele Frequencies
- Chick Embryos
- Drosophila (Frut Fly)
- Xenopus
- Zebrafish
- C. Elegans
- Sea Urchin
- Homeotic Mutations
- Adaptation of Mammalian Mouth Parts to Diet
- Lactose Intolerance
- Human-Created Species
- Genetic Modification
- Animal Tree of Life
- Invertebrate Chordates
- Vertebrates
- Origin of Mammals
- Habitat Alteration: Adaptation to Urban Environments
- Natural Selection Preserves Genetic Diversity
- What Is Balancing Selection?
- Balancing Selection: Heterozygote Advantage
- Balancing Selection: Frequency-Dependent Selection
- Balancing Selection: Neutral Variation
- Genetic Drift
- Genetic Drift and the Bottleneck Effect
- Genetic Drift and the Founder Effect
- Founder Effect
- What Is Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity?
- Quantifying Diversity
- Sources of Genetic Variation
- Mutation
- Mutation Bias
- Mutation as a Fundamental Source of Diversity
- Rates of Mutation
- Mutagens
- Gene Flow
- Evolution Within an Organism (Somatic Mutation)
- Outcomes of Evolution
- Speciation (Lineage Splitting)
- Causes of Speciation
- Geographic Isolation (Allopatric Speciation)
- Spatially Limited Gene Flow
- Sympatric Speciation
- Reproductive Barriers
- Molecular Underpinnings of Speciation
- Genetic Engineering
- Sequencing DNA
- Inserting DNA into Cells
- Transduction
- Genome Integration
- Site-Specific Integration
- Random Insertion
- Knock-Outs
- RNAi
- Heterologous Expression
- Manipulating DNA
- PCR
- In Vitro DNA Synthesis
- Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
- Golden Rice
- Human Insulin Production
- Gene Expression
- Transcription Overview
- Gene Expression: Gene Regulation
- Transcription Factors
- Regulatory DNA Sequences
- Regulation via RNAs
- Why Are Genes Regulated?
- Molecular Genetics: DNA
- DNA Replication
- Replication Overview
- Intro to Genetics
- RNA vs. DNA
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
- Mutations and Repair
- Mutation Mechanisms
- DNA Damage
- Replication Error
- DNA Repair
- Repair Mechanisms
- What Is a Gene?
- Structure of a Gene
- Introns and Exons
- Promoters
- 3' UTR
- 5' UTR
- Organization of Genes
- Organization of Genes: Chromosomes
- Organization of Genes: Gene Clusters
- Organization of Genes: Genomes
- Living Things Evolve
- Living Things Evolve: Diversity in a Population
- Diversity Through Imperfect Reproduction
- Diversity Through Recombination
- Bioengineering
- Molecular Genetics: Genetic Engineering
- Neurodegenerative Diseases: Huntington's Disease
- Advanced Biology: Evolution
- Sexual Reproduction
- What Is Sexual Reproduction?
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction