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What are Transition Metals?

They are elements of the periodic table typically referred to as the d-block (groups 3-12). The f-block contains Lanthanides and Actinides which are also considered transition metals, but the d-block elements are the more common elements discussed. Transition metals are all very unique and have different properties. The branch of chemistry that studies transition metals and compounds is inorganic chemistry.

Some examples of transition metals are iron ($Fe$), cobalt ($Co$), copper ($Cu$), and manganese ($Mn$).

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals have different properties from other elements and even further differences amongst themselves. Typically transition metals in the same group on the periodic table have similar features.

Properties of transition metals:

• Conduct electricity

• High density, melting point, and boiling point

• Various oxidation states due to d-orbitals.

• Colored compounds due to electrons in d-orbitals

• Many transition metals act as catalysts. Catalytic compounds increase the rates of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

• Can exist as paramagnetic (unpaired electrons) or diamagnetic (paired electrons)

Transition Metal Compounds

Transition metals can make a variety of compounds. When other molecules are bound to a metal they are called ligands. Metals can have many ligands bound. Carbon is known to make only four bonds, but some metals can make six bonds or more! Not only can metals create a lot of multiple bonds to different molecules, but they can also create high-order bonds. Well-known bond orders are single, double, and triple. There have been some cases of metals creating a penta-bond (5-bond) to a single atom.

The colors of transition metal compounds come in many varieties. The color can change based on solvent, oxidation number, type of ligand, and more.

(Video) Transition Metals and Their Properties | Matter | Chemistry | Fuseschool

by FuseSchool - Global Education

In this video, you will learn about the properties of transition metals. They are found in groups $3$ through $12$ of the periodic table. Most of these metals have high melting points, low reactivity, and can exist in more than one ionic form. They also produce compounds that are brightly colored.